12 Homemade Plant Food Recipes Using Kitchen Scraps

You can actually make your own homemade plant food, often out of inexpensive items you already have at home, or leftover food items that cost you nothing.

Why Make Your Own Plant Food?

Store-bought plant food isn’t cheap, and the stuff tends to contain chemicals that aren’t great for the environment, and that you may not want to consume if you grow anything edible. Sometimes they harm plants, too.

Of course, composting makes a great rich soil for plants, and since it uses your trash and leftovers, it’s totally free and sometimes all you need. But in some cases your plants may need a little something more specific.

How to Use Your Plant Food

You’ll need something to deliver the plant food, if you don’t already have it. I recommend a hand held garden sprayer or sprayer you attach to the end of your hose.

With the garden sprayer, you mix up your plant food in advance, carry it around the yard, and spray where you want it. The hose end sprayer attached to your hose.

You put all your ingredients other than water in the sprayer, hook it up to your hose, and let the water flow through it to deliver the fertilizer.

Understanding Plant Nutrients

Plants basically need three main nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Each of these does a different job:

Nitrogen helps plants grow lots of leaves.
Phosphorus is important for roots, flowers, and fruits.
Potassium helps with overall plant health and disease resistance.

Your homemade plant food recipes should try to cover all three nutrients, unless you know your plants are already getting too much of one of them. Some recipes are more balanced than others.

If you notice your plants aren’t growing well, look up what they might be missing and tweak your recipe.

How to Tell What Your Plants Need

If your plants aren’t thriving, look for clues:

Yellow leaves: This often means a nitrogen deficiency. Try using something high in nitrogen, like the gelatin recipe or add more compost.
Poor flowering or fruiting: This can point to a lack of phosphorus. Bone meal, fish tank water, or some commercial organic fertilizers help here.
Weak stems or brown edges: This could signal they need more potassium. Banana peels are a great natural source for potassium.

Tips for Using Homemade Plant Food

Don’t Overdo It: More isn’t always better with fertilizer. Too much can burn plant roots or throw off soil balance.
Store Properly: Keep leftovers in airtight containers. Some mixtures (like those with ammonia) can lose strength if left open.
Stir Before Use: Ingredients may settle in storage. Shake or stir before you feed your plants.
Test First: Try new recipes on one or two plants before using everywhere.
Note What Works: Keep track of what recipes make your plants happy so you can stick with them.

Now let’s get to the recipes!

Homemade Plant Food Recipes

1. Complete Plant Food

This one is good for any plant, and very simple to make. Use it once every 4 to 6 weeks, or even less if your plants are happy.

1 teaspoon baking powder
1 teaspoon epsom salts
1/2 teaspoon ammonia
1 teaspoon potassium nitrate

Mix all that together in a gallon of room temperature water. Store in an airtight container.

2. Epsom Salts

This is definitely the simplest recipe for homemade plant food: mix 1 tablespoon of Epsom Salts in a gallon of water. Put that in your sprayer and use once a month. Some people report the above recipe is better; others find this one does all they need.

3. Horse manure

Horse manure makes a tremendous fertilizer, but you should avoid using it in a food garden unless you know the horse who produced it was never given any kind of medication or antibiotics. You can just add it directly to soil.

But you can also brew it into a “manure tea” for use as a homemade plant food, which is a less stinky and messy way to go about it if you have indoor plants to feed.

Don’t have a horse? Call up some local riding stables or places where they offer trail rides and ask if they’d like to part with some horse pucky. Many of them will let you have all you’re willing to haul, or will sell it to you very cheap.

Yes, you can use other types of manure – cow is great, and rabbit manure stinks a bit less than the others. You can get cow manure from many places that keep cows – local farms, for example.

Rabbit manure is a bit trickier, unless you have pet rabbits. Call vets and pet stores in the area to see if they’d be willing to put aside rabbit manure for you to pick up periodically.

Again, remember not to use manure from animals that have been medicated.

To brew manure tea:

Wrap a few tablespoons of manure in a porous cloth and tie it up.
Put the bundle in a pint glass of water.
Let it “steep” for a few days.
Feed your plants with it.

You can make bigger batches of this, if you want. Put about five quarts of manure in a porous cloth in about 5 gallons of water and let it steep for a few days.

4. Green Tea

You can use weak green tea as an occasional plant food, or very weak green tea as an alternative to plain water every time you water plants. For the plant food version:

Brew a green tea bag in a quart of water.
Let it brew and then sit until it’s room temperature. No need to remove the tea bags.
Water plants with this every 4 weeks.

For the alternative watering version, brew a single green tea bag in two gallons of water. Follow the rest of the instructions, and use this very weak tea mix every time you water your plants. It will make a big difference.

5. Gelatin Plant Food

Gelatin is a good source of nitrogen for plants. Be aware that not all plants like this amount of nitrogen, however. Test this recipe on one plant you don’t mind losing before spraying your entire collection with it. Some plants really thrive on it.

Dissolve a packet of unflavored gelatin in a cup of hot water.
Once it’s dissolved, add about three cups of cold water.
Use once a month.

6. Aquarium Water

If you keep an aquarium, you have to remove and replace the water on a regular basis to prevent extreme grossness and lots of dead fish. Water your plants with the aquarium water you’ve removed. They can make good use of the fish waste.

7. Black Coffee and Coffee Grounds

Coffee grounds to be used as homemade plant food

Coffee is fairly acidic, but the grounds after brewing are supposedly not. Since growing healthy plants has a lot to do with ph balance, this can be very good or very bad, depending on the plant’s ph needs and the ph balance in your soil and tap water. It also depends on the specific blend of coffee you use!

I’ve had great results just adding used coffee grounds directly to soil. You can also try a more conservative approach:

Collect leftover black coffee (no cream, no sugar, no additives of any kind!).
Dilute it significantly – say, three ounces into a gallon watering can.
Use that once every six weeks.

If your plants seem to like it, you might want to get a little more aggressive. Note: decaf may be better, as some gardeners believe that caffeine interferes with protein metabolism.

Coffee grounds as compost are great for plants, and some gardeners stick used coffee grounds straight into the soil of some plants. You can even include the used coffee filters. With soil, there’s a bigger margin for error, so plants which don’t like getting watered with diluted coffee might react just fine to this.

8. Banana Peel Fertilizer

Banana peels are packed with potassium, which plants love—especially flowering ones like roses and tomatoes.

Chop up banana peels and bury them in the soil near your plants.
Or, soak a few peels in a jar of water for 2–3 days. Strain the water and use it to water your plants once a month.

9. Eggshell Fertilizer

Eggshells are full of calcium, which helps prevent blossom end rot in tomatoes, peppers, and squash.

Rinse eggshells and let them dry.
Crush them up and sprinkle them around the base of your plants.
Or, steep crushed shells in water for a couple days and use the water for your plants.

10. Molasses Fertilizer

Molasses feeds helpful microbes in the soil, which break down organic matter and make nutrients more available to plants.

Mix 1 tablespoon of blackstrap molasses into a gallon of water.
Use this solution to water your plants every month or so.

11. Weed Tea Fertilizer

Don’t toss those weeds you pull! Many are full of nutrients:

Put weeds (without seeds) in a bucket.
Cover with water and let steep for a week, stirring every day.
Strain out the plant matter and use the “tea” as a liquid fertilizer.

12. Vegetable Cooking Water

Don’t pour out the water after boiling veggies (as long as you didn’t salt it). This water is full of minerals that leach out from the vegetables.

Let the water cool to room temperature.
Use it to water your indoor or outdoor plants.

What Not To Use

It’s important not to use every leftover food or kitchen waste on your garden:

Don’t use meat, dairy, or greasy foods—they attract pests and can smell bad.
Avoid anything with salt or added seasoning.
Don’t use manure from carnivores (dogs or cats)—it can spread disease.
If using coffee grounds or tea leaves, make sure they’re plain—no flavored varieties with oils or additives.

Indoor vs Outdoor Plants

Indoor plants can be more sensitive than outdoor ones. Start with weaker concentrations of homemade fertilizer for houseplants. Watch for yellowing leaves, root burn, or stunted growth—these might mean you need to dilute your recipe.

Outdoor gardens, especially larger ones, can usually handle stronger mixes. Rain and watering help wash away excess nutrients.

How Often Should You Fertilize?

Most homemade fertilizers are safe to use every 4–6 weeks. If you’re using something mild like diluted green tea or aquarium water, you can use it every time you water. For stronger recipes (like those with ammonia), stick to every month or even every other month.

If you’re ever unsure, less is more. You can always add more later if your plants need it.